TY - JOUR AU - Dias, Vanessa Cordeiro AU - Diniz, Claudio Galuppo AU - Peter, Ana Claudia de Oliveira AU - Bastos, Andre Netto AU - Bastos, Victor Quinnet de Andrade AU - Bastos, Lucas Quinnet de Andrade AU - da Silva, Vania Lucia PY - 2016/06/30 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting bacteria in Brazil JF - The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries JA - J Infect Dev Ctries VL - 10 IS - 06 SE - Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases DO - 10.3855/jidc.6640 UR - https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/27367001 SP - 544-553 AB - <p class="SmallText">Introduction: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria such as <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii </em>are widespread in the environment and are increasingly associated with nosocomial infections. Extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in hospitals has contributed to an increased number of infections caused by these microorganisms, that are resistant to a wide variety of antimicrobials, including β-lactams. This study aimed to isolate and identify carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter </em>spp. and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> from hospitalized patients, to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to screen for <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-23</sub>,<em> bla</em><sub>OXA-24</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-51</sub>,<sub> </sub><em>bla</em><sub>OXA-58</sub>,<sub> </sub>and <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-143</sub> genes among the isolated bacteria<em>.</em></p> <p class="SmallText">Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance patterns were performed using the disk-diffusion method. Genetic markers related to carbapenem resistance were screened by polymerase chain reaction.</p> <p class="SmallText">Results: Carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter </em>spp. (n = 44) and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (n = 28) samples were isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Polymyxin B was the only effective drug for all isolates. Considering the oxacillinase gene screening, genetic markers were observed only in <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates. The most frequent genotype observed was <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-23</sub><sup>+</sup>/<em>bla</em><sub>OXA-51</sub><sup>+</sup> (45.5%), followed by <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-51</sub><sup>+</sup>/<em>bla</em><sub>OXA-143</sub><sup>+</sup> (41%). The oxacillinase genes <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-24 </sub>and<sub> </sub><em>bla</em><sub>OXA-58</sub> were not detected. High mortality rates (&gt; 70%) were observed.</p> Conclusions: The data suggest the need for rational use of antimicrobials associated with early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially considering non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, which are widespread in hospitals. The findings of <em>bla</em><sub>oxa-51</sub><sup>‑</sup> strains suggest the occurrence and spread of non-<em>A. baumannii </em>species throughout our hospitals. Effective implementation of surveillance programs in hospitals is needed to reduce infectious and resistant intra- and inter-species bacteria. ER -