https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/issue/feedThe Journal of Infection in Developing Countries2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00JIDC Central Officeinfo@jidc.orgOpen Journal Systems<p>A peer-reviewed open access medical journal, focusing on global health.</p>https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484342Importance of evaluation of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in COVID-19 Patients2023-07-25T16:07:59+01:00Seyhan Ordekciseyhanordekci@yahoo.comSebnem Tekin Neijmannsebnemtekin@gmail.com<p>Introduction: Recent studies have documented the cardiovascular consequences of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although one of the early cardiac markers that can be used for diagnosis, the heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), has not been covered. Through the evaluation of H-FABP levels, we aim to contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac problems in COVID-19 infection patients.</p> <p>Methodology: Seventy-five patients who were admitted to the emergency department of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Hospital with a complaint of chest pain in the last 6 hours and whose corona PCR tests were positive, were included in our study as the case group and 60 healthy volunteers as the control group. The routine cardiac markers such as creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and H-FABP levels were analyzed by routine laboratory methods.</p> <p>Results: The mean age and gender distributions of the groups did not differ statistically (<em>p </em>> 0.05). CK-MB, cTnT, and H-FABP measurements were statistically different between the groups (<em>p</em> = 0.001; <em>p</em> < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions: The relationship between AMI and COVID-19 with routine cardiac markers is already supported by recent studies. We also evaluated H-FABP levels in our study, as it affects the prognosis of the disease independent of the chronic disease history. At the same time, we showed that H-FABP levels increase earlier than routine cardiac markers, so it will be useful for COVID-19 patients with cardiac complaints.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Seyhan Ordekci, Sebnem Tekin Neijmannhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484345Predictors of mortality among hospitalized hypertensive patients with COVID-19 during third and fourth waves in Pakistan2023-07-04T16:05:07+01:00Narendar Kumarnkumar.bhojak@usindh.edu.pkSiti M Sheikh Ghadzimaisharah@usm.myPushp L Rajpootprajpoot@jazanu.edu.saHemalatha Thanganadarhthanganadar@jazanu.edu.saFurqan K Hashmifurqan.pharmacy@pu.edu.pkAhmed Noorahmed.noor@tih.org.pkAli Qureshiali.qureshi@usindh.edu.pkShafique Hussainshafique.hussain@tih.org.pkSyed A Syed Sulaimansazhar.usm@gmail.com<p>Introduction: Hypertension significantly contributes to the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. It has also been a risk factor for prolonged hospitalization and the need for intensive care. However, the data is still evolving. Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of mortality among hypertensive COVID-19 patients.</p> <p>Methodology: A single-center cohort study was performed at Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan, between April 1, 2021, and October 31, 2021. This study included 333 hospitalized hypertensive COVID-19 patients and evaluated their clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied in IBM SPSS 27.0 to determine the predictors of mortality.</p> <p>Results: The majority of patients were females (54.7%), the median age was 62 [55-70] years, with co-existing diabetes (56.5%) and severely ill (52.6%). The independent predictors of mortality identified were age ≥ 65 years (aOR 20.89, 95% CI, 5.81-75.15; <em>p</em> < 0.001), pulse rate (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.63; <em>p</em> = 0.006), serum creatinine (aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.63;<em> p</em> = 0.002), use of antibiotics (aOR 3.40, 95% CI 1.29-8.98; <em>p</em> = 0.014)), corticosteroid (aOR 49.68, 95% CI 1.83-1350.31; <em>p</em> = 0.020), and who needed high flow oxygen supply (aOR 13.08, 95% CI 1.70-100.54; <em>p</em> < 0.001), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR 229.01, 95% CI 29.30-1789.71; p < 0.001) and invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR 379.54, 95% CI 36.60-3935.87; <em>p</em> < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions: Our study suggests that older age, elevated pulse rate, serum creatinine, use of antibiotics and corticosteroids, and the need for mechanical ventilation predict mortality among hypertensive COVID-19.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Narendar Kumar, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi, Pushp Lata Rajpoot, Hemalatha Thanganadar, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi, Ahmed Noor, Ali Qureshi, Shafique Hussain, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaimanhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484346A rare clinical presentation of COVID 19: opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome2023-02-01T12:58:54+00:00Adalet Altunsoyaadalet@yahoo.comNizamettin Kemirtleknzmttnkmrtlk@gmail.comHalime Arazhalimecavlak@gmail.comEbru Bilge Dirikebturan@hotmail.comEsragül Akıncıesragulakinci@gmail.com<p>Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can have symptoms like many neurological diseases, and one of the rare forms of these presentations is opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome (OMAS). The pathogenesis of OMAS in adults has not been clearly elucidated and OMAS can be fatal.</p> <p>Case presentation: We present a 71-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of involuntary tremor-like movements in his hands, feet and mouth, and speech impediment for three days, and was followed up with COVID-19. The patient was diagnosed with OMAS and clonazepam treatment was started. He died three days later due to respiratory arrest. Our case is the first case diagnosed with COVID-19-associated OMAS in Turkey.</p> <p>Discussion: OMAS has no definitive treatment. Early diagnosis and initiation of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, if necessary, can be life-saving. In COVID-19 patients with unexplained clinical findings, awareness of different and rare diseases and a multidisciplinary approach has vital importance.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Adalet Altunsoy, Nizamettin Kemirtlek, Halime Araz, Ebru Bilge Dirik, Esragül Akıncıhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484350Age and chest computed tomography severity score are predictors of long-COVID2023-08-08T14:10:48+01:00Merve Erkanmerveaksoy86@hotmail.com<p>Introduction: About one-third of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors have suffered from persisting symptoms called long-COVID. Clinical factors such as age and intensity (moderate or acute) of COVID-19 have been found to be associated with long-COVID. Many tissues might be damaged functionally or structurally during acute COVID-19 which can be detected by blood assays and chest computed tomography (CT). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between long-COVID and the initial findings of blood assays and chest CT as possible predictors.</p> <p>Methodology: The study included patients with acute COVID-19. Laboratory tests and chest CT were obtained from each patient at the time of admission to the hospital. Chest CT was evaluated for pneumonic involvement and severity score. Multivariable regression model was created to find the factors that were independently associated with long-COVID.</p> <p>Results: There were 60 (38.2%) patients with long-COVID and 97 (61.8%) without. Baseline demographic, laboratory and chest CT parameters were similar in both groups, except for age, chronic lung disease and chest CT severity score (46.9 ± 15.1 years vs 52.6 ± 15.9 years, <em>p</em> = 0.03; 11.7% vs 3.1%, <em>p </em>= 0.03 and 10.3 ± 9.6 vs 6.5 ± 7.6, <em>p</em> = 0.02, respectively). In multivariable model, chest CT severity score (OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 1.002-1.119, <em>p </em>= 0.04) and age (OR: 0.953, 95% CI: 0.928-0.979, <em>p</em> < 0.001) were independently associated with long-COVID.</p> <p>Conclusions: Chest CT severity score and age were independently associated with long-COVID and may be used to predict the future risk of long-COVID.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Merve Erkanhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484353Mental health outcomes and their influencing factors on patients with COVID-19 in the Fangcang shelter hospital in China2023-07-22T05:33:51+01:00Qingqing Xiao13880109576@163.comXia Huang380269936@qq.comLei Huang386667503@qq.comJingjun Wangwangjingjun2022@163.comYalin Huang12800673@qq.comYan Feng197641594@qq.comDan Wang93325918@qq.comYa KouKylj8279406@aliyun.comYa Wang147493818@qq.com<p>Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects physical and mental health of patients. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress, level of hope, and the role of families of patients with COVID-19 in the Fangcang shelter hospital (FSH) and explore potential influencing factors.</p> <p>Methodology: We conducted an online observational cross-sectional study on 397 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 from two FSH in Shanghai, China from 12 April to 16 May 2022. The questionnaire included demographic information, distress thermometer (DT), family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, resolve (APGAR) index, and the Herth hope index (HHI).</p> <p>Results: The patients reported symptoms of severe psychological distress (n = 109, 27.46%) and low levels of family care (n = 152, 38.29%). More than half of the patients (n = 244, 61.46%) exhibited high levels of hope, and around one-third of the patients (n = 151, 38.04%) reported moderate levels of hope. The study noted a significant negative correlation between the scores for psychological distress and APGAR and a significant positive correlation between the scores for APGAR and HHI (<em>p</em> < 0.05). The FSH living experience, diet, and symptoms of COVID-19 were closely associated with psychological distress among patients (<em>p</em> < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 living in the FSH reported high levels of symptoms of psychological distress and low levels of family care, but relatively high levels of hope. Health care workers should improve the living and eating conditions in the FSH, strengthen family support, and alleviate the COVID-19 related symptoms of patients.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Qingqing Xiao, Xia Huang, Lei Huang, Jingjun Wang, Yalin Huang, Yan Feng, Dan Wang, Ya Kou, Ya Wanghttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484354Prevalence of face mask related complications among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia2023-07-20T15:57:43+01:00Khalifa Binkhamiskbinkhamis@ksu.edu.saYasmin S Alqarnisyasminalqarni@gmail.comNorah A Alasheikhnouralalsheikh@gmail.comNajd S Alzahranialzahrani.najd@gmail.comNouf A AlsubaieNoufalsubaie.a@gmail.comShahd A AlmezelShahdmezel@gmail.comAbeer W AwwadAbawwad.md@gmail.com<p>Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most healthcare workers (HCWs) were required to wear face masks for long periods of time. Since then, it has been shown that face masks have the potential to cause several physical adverse effects. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of face mask-related complications among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, we compared the relationship between face mask usage with other variables, including the type of mask used and gender.</p> <p>Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling, with a targeted sample of 517 participants (35% nonresponse). Data was collected via an electronic survey, the link for which was distributed through social media sites, such as WhatsApp and Twitter, to reach HCWs across Saudi Arabia. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software.</p> <p>Results: Overall, 438 HCWs who wore N95 or surgical masks for 4 hours or more per day on average were recruited. Skin-related complications in the nasal area had the highest prevalence (342, 78.1%), followed by behind the ear area (333, 76.0%), cheeks (307, 70.1%), and chin (248, 56.6%). Other complications included headaches (226, 51.6%), and eye-related complications (211, 48.2%). All face mask-related complications, except for behind the ear skin complications, were more associated with female gender.</p> <p>Conclusions: Mask usage was significantly associated with the development of headaches, and eye, and skin-related complications. Female HCWs were more predisposed to these complications. Preventative measures and awareness activities should be considered to help reduce mask use related complications.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Khalifa Binkhamis, Yasmin S Alqarni, Norah A Alasheikh, Najd S Alzahrani, Nouf A Alsubaie, Shahd A Almezel, Abeer W Awwadhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484340Clinical characteristics and risk factors for Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection in 152 immunocompetent patients2023-09-13T11:13:51+01:00Qun Zhangzhangqun210009@163.comPan Wangpanwang@163.comMenghuan Shenwaynesmh@163.comChun ShanKnox530@163.com<p>Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors for <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> bloodstream infections in immunocompetent patients.</p> <p>Methods: The study included patients with <em>K. pneumoniae</em> bloodstream infection treated in Zhongda Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021. Clinical data and antibiotic susceptibility test results were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Independent risk factors for mortality were screened using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.</p> <p>Results: A total of 152 patients were included in the analysis. In our cohort, 77.6% of patients were older than 60 years, and 80.9% of them had community-acquired infections. The most common complications were type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and stroke sequelae. The proportion of patients with septic shock or abscesses was 34.9% and 25.7%, respectively. There were significant differences in the site of infection, septic shock, and serum levels of procalcitonin, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, D-dimer, creatinine, and lactic acid between survivors and non-survivors (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that hospital-acquired infections, septic shock, length of hospital stay, and creatinine levels were independent risk factors for mortality. Antibiotic susceptibility test results indicated that clinical outcomes varied depending on bacterial sensitivity to ampicillin/sulbactam.</p> <p>Discussion: <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is a common community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacteria and usually infects older people with complications such as diabetes. Nosocomial infections, length of stay, septic shock, and renal insufficiency are potentially associated with poor prognosis. Bacterial susceptibility to ampicillin/sulbactam affects prognosis.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Qun Zhang, Pan Wang, Menghuan Shen, Chun Shanhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484341Source tracking of extensively drug resistant Salmonella Typhi in food and raw vegetables using molecular approaches2023-07-14T13:12:18+01:00Noor ul Hudahudahussainkhan@hotmail.comMuhammad Sohailmsohail@uok.edu.pkZulfiqar Ali Miranimirani_mrsa@yahoo.comQurat ul Ain Hyderquratulainmicrobiologist@gmail.comSaeed Khansaeedkhn@gmail.com<p>Introduction: Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the <em>Salmonella</em> lineages have been reported to spread from Africa to South Asia. XDR strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, resulting in treatment failure. The objectives of this study included the investigation of transmission of <em>S</em>. Typhi lineages and the identification of the potentially contaminated sources of the XDR typhoid outbreak from different urban areas by using molecular techniques.</p> <p>Methodology: Environmental samples, including food samples, were collected from different towns and the susceptibility of each isolate to the antimicrobial agents was examined. Molecular identification of different <em>Salmonella </em>lineages including <em>S</em>. Typhi, <em>S. </em>Paratyphi A, H58, and XDR was carried out through multiplex PCR.</p> <p>Results and Conclusions: A total of 328 environmental samples including raw vegetables, water, and bakery items were collected. More than half of the tested samples (64%) found harboring <em>Salmonella</em> spp. The <em>Salmonella </em>was confirmed through PCR amplification of species-specific markers that showed the presence of <em>S</em>. Typhi (40%), <em>S. </em>Paratyphi A (8%), H58 (7%), and XDR <em>S</em>. Typhi (6%). Raw vegetables had the highest number of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., indicating consumption of raw vegetables as a possible source of salmonellosis. XDR status was also affirmed through phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Huda NU, Sohail M, Mirani ZA, Haider QUA, Khan Shttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484344Mortality in patients with hematological malignancies, febrile neutropenia, and septic shock2023-05-25T12:55:47+01:00Beda Islas-Muñozbedaislas@gmail.comPatricia Volkow-Fernándezpvolkowf@gmail.comJorge Silva-Zamorajorge.silzam@gmail.comAna Ramírez-Ibarguenafri23@hotmail.comPatricia Cornejo-Juárezpatcornejo@yahoo.com<p>Introduction: Patients with severe neutropenia who develop septic shock (SS) have high mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and mortality of SS in patients with HM and febrile neutropenia.</p> <p>Methodology: We included all patients with hematological malignancies (HM) who presented fever and severe neutropenia, admitted to an oncological tertiary care center in Mexico City for one year.</p> <p>Results: Two hundred ninety-two episodes of fever and severe neutropenia were documented; 68 patients (23.2%) developed SS. Documented clinical infection was different between SS and non-SS patients (94.1% vs. 63.4%, <em>p</em> < 0.001); pneumonia was the most frequent infection (36.8% vs. 23.2%, <em>p</em> = 0.02). Also, in SS vs. non-SS, there were more positive cultures (69.1% vs. 38.4%, <em>p</em> < 0.001), higher frequency of Gram-negative bacteria (89.3% vs. 63.9%, <em>p</em> < 0.001), particularly <em>Escherichia coli</em> (68% vs. 44.2%) and <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. (23.4% vs. 15.1%). There were no differences when multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms were compared. In the multivariate analysis, associated risk factors for SS were: prolonged neutropenia, a documented site of infection, and having received highly myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Risk factors for mortality at 30 days were: older patients, prolonged neutropenia, and SS.</p> <p>Conclusions: Severe and prolonged neutropenia was associated with SS development and mortality at 30 days. ICU management should be offered to all critically ill patients with HM if long-term survival of the underlying malignancy is expected.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 BEDA ISLAS-MUÑOZ, PATRICIA VOLKOW, JORGE SILVA-ZAMORA, ANA RAMÍREZ-IBARGUEN, PATRICIA CORNEJO-JUÁREZhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484347Novel mutation in efflux pump Rv1258c (Tap) gene in drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Iran2023-07-21T09:37:01+01:00ShimaSadat Farzanehsh.farzaneh@resident.mui.ac.irFatemeh Norouzifn.microbiol@gmail.comHossein Fazelih_fazeli@med.mui.ac.irMahshid Salehisalehi.mahshid21@gmail.comMarzieh Safarimarziehhsafari@gmail.comBahram Nasr Esfahaninasr@hlth.mui.ac.ir<p>Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Drug-resistant TB is considered a major and growing global threat. Despite the great variety of described mutations in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB) resistance genes, the mechanisms of drug resistance are still controversial. Recently, a report on the role of efflux pump genes in drug resistance added to this complexity. Therefore, a thorough understanding of efflux pump genes in drug-resistant TB clinical isolates is needed.</p> <p>Methodology: We performed molecular analysis of the efflux pump gene (<em>Rv1258c</em>) in 33 drug-resistant and 20 drug-sensitive clinical MTB isolates by sequencing the amplicons’ targets in both the forward and reverse directions.</p> <p>Results: A novel mutation of the <em>Rv1258c</em> gene was identified at G442A (Ala148Thr) in rifampicin mono-resistant clinical strain, as compared to the H37Rv reference strain. In addition, a cytosine nucleotide insertion was found between the positions 580 and 581 (denominated Tap580) in two drug-sensitive strains at identical gene positions.</p> <p>Conclusions: These results indicated the possibility of mutation in the efflux pump genes and the important role of Tap efflux pump genes in drug-resistant MTB isolates. However, further research is required to determine the direct association of these mutations with resistant MTB.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Shima Sadat Farzaneh, Fatemeh Norouzi , Hossein Fazeli, Mahshid Salehi, Marzieh Safari, Bahram Nasr Esfahanihttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484349Molecular analysis of multidrug-resistant E. coli in pediatric UTIs: findings from a Nigerian Hospital2023-07-31T09:42:48+01:00Eunice Damilola Wilkiewilkie.eunice@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngChidinma Vivian Ezeanichukwudumchidinma@gmail.comDeborah Oluwasola Olasehindeolugbogisola@yahoo.comOmolanke Temitope Oyedemitope.oyedemi@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngJude Oluwapelumi Alaoalaojude@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngAnthonia Olufunke Oluduroaoluduro2003@yahoo.co.ukOluwapelumi Breakthrough Oyetundepelumioyetunde@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng<p>Introduction: This study aimed to isolate and characterize antibiotic-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> from urine samples of children at the Mother and Child Hospital in Ondo State, Nigeria, assessing antibiogram profiling and resistance genes.</p> <p>Methodology: Three hundred urine samples (158 females, 142 males), aged 3-5 years, were collected, transported on ice, and analyzed bacteriologically. <em>E. coli</em> and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated using Eosin Methylene Blue agar and identified through colony morphology and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined via Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion, and resistance genes were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).</p> <p>Results: Of the 300 samples, 40 (13.3%) yielded <em>E. coli</em> with varying antibiotic resistance profiles. The highest resistance was against Amoxicillin-clavulanate (87.5%) followed by Ceftriaxone (80%). Susceptibility was observed to Nitrofurantoin, Erythromycin, and Chloramphenicol. Multiple resistance patterns against 3-4 antibiotic classes were recorded, with 12 distinct patterns observed. Eight isolates harbored blaCTX-M gene, while five carried the aac3-IV gene.</p> <p>Conclusions: The study concluded a high occurrence of <em>E. coli</em> infection and multiple antibiotic resistance in the region. The presence of resistance genes suggests significant economic and health implications, emphasizing prudent antibiotic use under physician guidance to mitigate multiple antibiotic resistance.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Eunice Damilola Wilkie, Chidinma Vivian Ezeani, Deborah Oluwasola Olasehinde , Omolanke Temitope Oyedemi, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, Anthonia Olufunke Oluduro, Oluwapelumi Breakthrough Oyetundehttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484352Mycoplasma hominis increases the risk for Ureaplasma parvum infection in Human immunodeficiency virus infected pregnant women2022-11-21T13:02:26+00:00Nikita Nundlall217004859@stuukznac.onmicrosoft.comBongekile Ngobesebongeeeh@gmail.comRavesh Singhsinghra@ukzn.ac.zaPartson Tinarwobiostats.partson@gmail.comNathlee Abbaiabbain@ukzn.ac.za<p>Introduction: <em>Mycoplasma hominis</em> and <em>Ureaplasma parvum </em>have been recently linked to sexually transmitted diseases and other conditions. There are a limited number of studies conducted on South African pregnant women that have assessed the prevalence and risk factors for genital mycoplasmas.</p> <p>Methodology: This study included 264 HIV infected pregnant women attending the King Edward VIII antenatal clinic in eThekwini, South Africa. DNA was extracted using the PureLink Microbiome kit and pathogens were detected using the TaqMan Real-time PCR assays. The statistical data analysis was conducted in a freely available Statistical Computing Environment, R software, version 3.6.3 using the RStudio platform.</p> <p>Results: The prevalence of <em>M. hominis </em>and<em> U. parvum</em>, was 215/264 (81.4%), and 203/264 (76.9%), respectively. In the <em>M. hominis</em> positive group, a significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.004) higher proportion, 80.5% tested positive for <em>U. parvum </em>infection when compared to 61.2% among the <em>M. hominis </em>negative. Of the <em>U. parvum</em> positive women, a significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.004) higher proportion of women (85.2%) tested positive for <em>M. hominis</em> when compared to 68.9% among the <em>U. parvum</em> negative. In the unadjusted and adjusted analysis, being <em>M. hominis</em> positive increased the risk for <em>U. parvum </em>by approximately 3 times more (<em>p</em> = 0.014) and 4-fold (<em>p</em> = 0.008), respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions: This study showed a significant link between <em>M. hominis </em>and <em>U. parvum </em>infection. To date, there are a limited number of studies that have investigated <em>M. hominis</em>being a risk factor for <em>U. parvum</em> infection. Therefore, the data presented in the current study now fills in this gap in the literature.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Nikita Nundlall, Bongekile Ngobese, Ravesh Singh, Partson Tinarwo, Nathlee Abbaihttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484355Salmonella Typhi research in lower-middle-income economy countries: a bibliometric analysis (1990-2023)2023-05-22T08:35:05+01:00Mustafa S Şahinoğludrserhatsahinoglu@gmail.comSevil Alkans-ewil@hotmail.com<p>Introduction: <em>Salmonella Typhi</em> continues to be a significant global public health concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the literature pertaining to <em>S. Typhi</em> in lower-middle-income countries from 1990 to April 31, 2023.</p> <p>Methodology: The bibliographic data was collected from the Web of Science database. Various bibliometric tools were utilized to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualization. Numerous bibliometric parameters were assessed, including the top publishing organizations, countries, institutions, authors, journals with the highest publication output, citation counts, commonly used keywords, and emerging research topics.</p> <p>Results: The current study included a total of 4,031 articles. These articles exhibited an annual growth rate of 8.17%. Over the past 33 years, there has been a gradual increase in the overall quantity of articles. On average, these articles received 18.82 citations. A total of 13,987 authors from 3,665 affiliations and 118 countries contributed to these publications. The majority of publications originated from India (50.31%), Pakistan (15.40%), Nigeria (6.32%), Bangladesh (5.03%), and Iran (4.89%). Among the institutions, Oxford University published the highest number of articles (302), followed by the University of Karachi (124). The frequently used keywords included “<em>Salmonella Typhi</em>” (frequency = 231), “antimicrobial activity” (frequency = 191), and “resistance” (frequency = 190).</p> <p>Conclusions: The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for future studies, enabling researchers to identify knowledge gaps and areas for further investigation. The data can also aid in health planning, providing insights into the current research landscape and highlighting priority areas for intervention and resource allocation.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mustafa Serhat Şahinoğlu , Sevil Alkanhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484356Does organophosphorus poisoning increase the risk of staphylococcal ventilator associated pneumonia? – a retrospective study2023-07-21T11:50:26+01:00Avijit Chauhanavihan25@gmail.comHariswar Paridrhariswarpari@gmail.comRadha Sugumaransugumaran.radha@gmail.comVenkateswaran Ramanathandrvenks@gmail.com<p>Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical predictors of staphylococcal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to compare the outcomes of staphylococcal VAP with non-staphylococcal VAP.</p> <p>Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted among adult patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) in a tertiary care hospital in India from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were grouped based on their diagnosis into staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal VAP, and the baseline characteristics, clinical parameters, co-morbidities, and outcome parameters were compared.</p> <p>Results: Out of 2129 MICU admissions, 456 patients with microbiologically confirmed VAP were included, of which 69 (15.1%) had staphylococcal VAP, and the remaining 387 (84.9%) had non-staphylococcal VAP. Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning was identified as an independent predictor of staphylococcal VAP (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.73). The median duration of mechanical ventilation before VAP diagnosis was less in the staphylococcal VAP group (4 vs. 5 days; <em>p</em> = 0.004). The staphylococcal group also showed a better in-hospital outcome.</p> <p>Conclusions: OP poisoning was an independent predictor of staphylococcal VAP. Staphylococcal VAP was diagnosed earlier in patients than non-staphylococcal VAP. Screening for nasal carriage for <em>Staphylococcus</em>, especially in patients with OP poisoning at the time of MICU admission, may help guide antibiotic therapy.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Avijit Chauhan, Hariswar Pari, Radha Sugumaran, Venkateswaran Ramanathanhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484357Association of clinical factors with thrombocytopenia in patients receiving linezolid treatment: a retrospective study2023-05-05T05:54:52+01:00Le Thi Phuong Thaodsthao108@gmail.comNguyen Duc Trungtrungnd@benhvien108.vnLe Thi Mylemy3996@gmail.comLe Minh Hongleminhhong96@gmail.comBui Viet Hoanviethoan103@gmail.comVu Quang Hunghungrgmu@gmail.comPham Dang Haibsphamdanghai@gmail.com<p>Introduction: Linezolid (LZD) plays an important role in the treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Thrombocytopenia is regarded as one of the most common side effects of linezolid, which results from the destruction of platelets or myelosuppression. The study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in Vietnamese patients.</p> <p>Methodology: This retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on adult patients who received parenteral LZD therapy (1,200 mg/day) in at least 3 days between January 2020 and June 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital in Vietnam. Thrombocytopenia was defined as either a final platelet count of less than 100 G/L or a 25% decrease in platelet count from baseline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to predict risk factors associated with LZD-induced thrombocytopenia.</p> <p>Results: In the 208 patients included in the study, the average age was 69 and males accounted for 73.1%. LZD-induced thrombocytopenia occurred in 37% of patients. LZD-induced thrombocytopenia was significantly associated with shock (HR = 8.26, 95% CI 3.82 – 17.84, <em>p</em> < 0.001), baseline creatinine clearance (HR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01 – 1.03], <em>p</em> = 0.002), and duration of LZD treatment of at least 14 days (HR = 4.45, 95% CI [1.83 – 11.05], <em>p</em> = 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions: The results showed that thrombocytopenia was fairly common in patients using linezolid. Shock, renal failure, and duration of linezolid therapy of at least 14 days were significant risk factors for the incidence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Thao Thi Phuong Le, Trung Duc Nguyen, My Thi Le, Hong Minh Le, Hoan Viet Bui, Hung Quang Vu, Hai Dang Phamhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484358Occurrence of poliovirus and non-polio enterovirus among children with acute flaccid paralysis in Cameroon from 2015 to 20202023-06-09T09:28:31+01:00Daniel K Njilekamgadaniel@yahoo.frSerge A Sadeuh-Mbasadeuhsergi@yahoo.frMichel Tabonfack Atemkengtabonfacka@yahoo.frAnicet Ahandaanicetstephaneahanda@yahoo.frJean Blaise Momojeanblaisemomo80@yahoo.frRaissa Pekekue NforifumIliashabib06@gmail.comErnestine Etéré2etere.ernestine@yahoo.comMarie Claire Endegue-Zangaendegue@pasteur-yaounde.orgOnana Boyomoboyomonana@yahoo.frMarlise D Djoumetiodontsopdjoumetiotonm@who.intJude Anfumbom Kfutwahkfutwah25@hotmail.comOusmane M Diopdiopo@who.intRichard Njouomnjouom@pasteur-yaounde.org<p>Introduction: Poliovirus (PV) and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) belong to the Picornaviridae family. They are found worldwide and are responsible for a wide range of diseases such as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). This study aimed to evaluate the detection rate of PV and NPEV in stool samples from children under fifteen years of age presenting with AFP in Cameroon and their distribution over time.</p> <p>Methodology: Stool samples were collected as part of poliovirus surveillance throughout Cameroon from 2015 to 2020. Virus isolation was performed using RD and L20B cells maintained in culture. Molecular methods such as intratypic differentiation were used to identify PVs serotypes and analysis of the VP1 genome was performed.</p> <p>Results: A total of 12,354 stool samples were analyzed. The EV detection rate by virus isolation was 11.42% (1411/12354). This rate varied from year to year with a mean distribution of 11.41 with a 95% confidence interval [11.37; 11.44]. Of the viruses detected, suspected poliovirus accounted for 31.3% (442/1411) and NPEV 68.67% (969/1411). No wild poliovirus (WPV) was isolated. Sabin types 1 and 3 were continuously isolated. Surprisingly, from February 2020, vaccine-derived PV type 2 (VDPV2) was detected in 19% of cases, indicating its resurgence.</p> <p>Conclusions: This study strongly supports the successful elimination of WPV in Cameroon and the resurgence of VDPV2. However, as long as VDPV outbreaks continue to be detected in Africa, it remains essential to monitor how they spread.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Kamga NJILE, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Michel Tabonfack Atemkeng, Anicet Ahanda, jean Blaise Momo, Raissa Pekekue Nforifum, Ernestine Etéré, Marie Claire Endegue-Zanga, Onana Boyomo, Marlise Dontsop Djoumetio, Jude Anfumbom Kfutwah, Ousmane Madiagne Diop, Richard Njouomhttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484359Short report: unmanned aerial vehicle for wide area larvicide spraying (WALS) using Vectobac® WG at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah2023-08-08T18:29:28+01:00Michal Christina Stevenmichalchristina86@gmail.comPrabakaran Dhanaraj Solomonpraba@moh.gov.myPathman Arumugampathman@moh.gov.myRahimah Rasalirahimah.r@moh.gov.myArthur Constantine Dominicinsectism2000@yahoo.comHiruan Md Iderishiruan78@yahoo.comDina Fidelia Anna Peter Mariusannamariuslaison@gmail.com<p>Introduction: Given the stagnating progress in the fight against dengue in Kota Kinabalu, there is an urgent need to use other strategies to complement the existing vector control, focusing on larviciding. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has been used in vector control programs in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using UAVs for larviciding to control <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes in urban areas.</p> <p>Methodology: The Hexarotor Agro Drone (Polardrone Sdn Bhd, Malaysia) was used to carry out larviciding using Vectobac® manufactured by Valent BioSciences LLC, Libertyville, USA. The drone flew at a height of 10 feet and at a speed of 5 m/s. A total of 32 items with 10 larvae in each item were placed to test the effectiveness of larviciding using UAV.</p> <p>Results: Out of 32 items used, 4 containers had a 100% larva mortality (13.3% mortality). The drone was not able to reach the designated spraying route that had been pre-programmed. This was due to interference with the electromagnetic waves emitted from the home satellite dishes, that were in front of the houses along the route.</p> <p>Conclusions: This trial showed that UAVs will be more suitable for use in larviciding in an open area without electromagnetic disturbances from electric house poles and satellite TV dishes that are commonly present in urban areas.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Michal Christina Steven, Dr. Prabakaran, Dr Pathman, Dr Rahimah, Mr Arthur, Mr Hiruan, Ms Dinahttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484360Determination of amphotericin B antifungal susceptibility in Candida strains using an inverted microscope2023-10-31T13:46:44+00:00Demet Gür Vuraldemet.gur@yandex.comGülşen Çetingulsen.cetin@yahoo.comKemal Bilginkemal.bilgin@omu.edu.trYeliz Tanrıverdi Çaycıyeliztanriverdi@gmail.comAsuman Birinciasumanbirinci@yahoo.com<p>Introduction: Invasive <em>Candida</em> infections have recently shown a significant increase in prevalence and are associated with high mortality rates. Initiating early antifungal treatment in patients with candidemia is vital. The aim of our study was to compare the antifungal susceptibility results of a new method called Flat Plate Method modified from reference "Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microdilution method by us with Sensitititre Yeast One colorimetric method and the reference CLSI method.</p> <p>Methodology: We tested 100 <em>Candida</em> isolates from blood cultures. We followed the CLSI M27-A3 (reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; third edition) guidelines for testing <em>in vitro</em> susceptibility to amphotericin B. In the Flat Plate method, 96-well plates were used for evaluation with an inverted microscope. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the SYO method were measured following the manufacturer’s instructions. The MIC values obtained by all three methods were considered compatible if they were within ± 2 dilution limits.</p> <p>Results: The SYO method detected <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>C. glabrata</em> with 100% essential agreement, whereas there was 96.29% essential agreement in the case of <em>C. parapsilosis</em>. In the Flat Plate method, the essential agreement with amphotericin B was 91.42%, for <em>C. albicans</em> isolates and 89.47%.for <em>C. glabrata</em> strains.</p> <p>Conclusions: When determining early antifungal susceptibility using the Flat Plate method, the results are obtained quickly, with high accuracy, and without incurring additional costs. However, there is a need for comprehensive studies comparing different antifungals.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Demet Gür Vural, Gülşen Çetin, Bilgin Kemal, Yeliz Tanrıverdi Çaycı, Asuman Birincihttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484343The first case of isolation of Magnusiomyces capitatus from the oral cavity of an addicted patient2023-04-08T10:49:29+01:00Aynaz Ghojoghiayghojoghi@gmail.comSadegh Khodavaisysadegh_7392008@yahoo.comAli Zarei Mahmoudabadieslam.ghojoghi@gmail.comMaryam Hatamimh1962244@gmail.comMahnaz Fatahiniasatar_p2010@yahoo.com<p><em>Magnusiomyces capitatus (M. capitatus) </em>is an emerging opportunistic yeast, rarely found as a causal agent of invasive fungal infection<em>.</em> In this study, we report a 31-year-old man infected with <em>M. capitatus</em> in the oral cavity, with a history of heroin and amphetamine abuse. <em>M. capitatus</em> was isolated through culture and microscopic analysis and identified by PCR amplification of the ITS DNA region. Based on the <em>in vitro</em> antifungal susceptibility test, the lowest MICs for <em>M. capitatus</em> were recorded for nystatin, itraconazole, and amphotericin, while higher MICs were observed for caspofungin and fluconazole. Treatment with nystatin successfully eliminated <em>M. capitatus </em>and relieved the clinical symptoms. This study presents the first case of <em>M. capitatus </em>in a patient with substance use disorder, manifesting as a plaque-like ulcer in the oral cavity.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Aynaz Ghojoghi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Maryam Hatami, Mahnaz Fatahiniahttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484348Pulmonary abscess with atypical topography – computed tomography assessment before and after treatment2023-07-25T14:51:27+01:00Cristina Asvolinsque Pantaleão Fontescristinasvolinsque@gmail.comMary Lúcia Bedran Ananiasmarybedran@id.uff.brJuliana Garcia Alves da Trindadejgatrindade@id.uff.br<p>Introduction: We present a clinical case of a patient with neurological sequelae, dementia, gastrostomy and tracheostomy with a metal canula, who developed a lung abscess in an atypical topography, in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe, being attended to in the emergency department.</p> <p>Case presentation: A 79-year-old man who was bedridden and with neurological sequelae resulting from a hemorrhagic stroke, with gastrostomy and tracheostomy with a metal canula, was attended for daily fever and increased secretion trough the canula, and a diagnosis of bronchoaspiration pneumonia was made. The chest X-ray was unremarkable with an evaluation impaired by the patient’s posture. The chest CT showed a characteristic image of an abscess in the topography of the anterior segment of the upper lobe. Improvement in the patient`s clinical condition was accompanied by an improvement in the CT imaging results. And the other exams carried out did not show any other associated lung disease.</p> <p>Discussion: Chest X-ray is still the initial method for studying infectious lung lesions, and CT is indicated in cases where the appearance of the lesion is not well defined, if doubts persist, whether the patient is immunosuppressed or oncological. CT can provide better definition of abscess imaging findings and is particularly useful for visualizing cavities not well delineated by X-ray, especially when a malignant neoplastic tumor lesion is suspected or when there is an associated pleural collection.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Cristina Asvolinsque Pantaleão Fontes, Mary, Juliana Garcia Alves da Trindadehttps://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/38484351Pulmonary histoplasmosis on the Chinese mainland: two case reports and literature review2023-06-26T11:29:58+01:00Qi Chencqa03755@btch.edu.cnWei Guogwja02495@btch.edu.cnWenjia Guogwja02495@btch.edu.cnXiangdong Mumxda02600@btch.edu.cnJun Guojunguo_med@tsinghua.edu.cn<p>Introduction: Pulmonary histoplasmosis is a fungal disease that is endemic in North and Central America. It is relatively rare in China and commonly misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or cancer due to nonspecific clinical and radiographic manifestations. Rapid and accurate pathogen tests are critical for the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis.</p> <p>Methodology: We report two cases of pulmonary histoplasmosis. We collected all the relevant case reports on the Chinese mainland (from 1990 to 2022) to analyze features of this disease among Chinese patients.</p> <p>Results: A total of 42 articles reporting 101 cases were identified, and the two cases reported in this article were also included for analysis. Sixty-three (61.2%) patients had respiratory symptoms and 35 (34.0%) patients were asymptomatic. The most common radiographic findings were pulmonary nodules or masses (81.6%). Twenty-two (21.4%) patients were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, and 37 (35.9%) were misdiagnosed as lung tumors before pathological findings. Metagenomic next‑generation sequencing (mNGS) testing provided a rapid diagnostic and therapeutic basis for three patients.</p> <p>Conclusions: Clinical features and imaging findings of pulmonary histoplasmosis are not specific. Relevant epidemiological history and timely pathogen detection are important for diagnosis. mNGS can shorten the time required for diagnosis and allow earlier initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Qi Chen, Wei Guo, Wenjia Guo, Xiangdong Mu, Jun Guo