Prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of tuberculosis from GCC: a literature review from January 2002 to March 2013

Authors

  • Mohammed Yahya Areeshi College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • Shekhar Chandra Bisht Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
  • Raju Kumar Mandal College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • Shafiul Haque College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4053

Keywords:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB, drug-resistance, GCC, Gulf countries, MDR-TB

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates [UAE]) countries was appraised using reports published between January 2002 and March 2013.

Methodology: A total of 11,393 tuberculosis (TB) isolates from the GCC were studied through published literature and were analyzed statistically.

Results: Most of the isolates were resistant to isoniazid, followed by streptomycin, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The highest prevalence rate of multidrug-resistant-TB (MDR-TB) was found in UAE (9.2%), followed by Kuwait (5.9%) and Saudi Arabia (4.3%). The overall MDR-TB prevalence rate was recorded as 4.0% in the entire GCC region. Automated linear modeling revealed that isoniazid resistance had a strong relationship with the prevalence of MDR-TB in all the GCC countries and was found to be the strongest predictor for MDR-TB. Interestingly, rifampicin resistance was significantly associated with the prevalence of MDR-TB in Oman, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, while isoniazid was identified for UAE. On the basis of a number of reports and isolates, the principal component analysis showed that, among all GCC member countries, the highest burden of TB was in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and maximum drug resistance was present in UAE.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the prevalence of MDR-TB in GCC countries is almost equal to other developing and developed countries, and requires immediate attention for surveillance and control.

Author Biographies

Mohammed Yahya Areeshi, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Dean, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

 

Shekhar Chandra Bisht, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India

Senior Research Fellow,  Department of Biotechnology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India

Raju Kumar Mandal, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Senior Research Fellow, Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Shafiul Haque, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Research Scientist, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India

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Published

2014-09-12

How to Cite

1.
Areeshi MY, Bisht SC, Mandal RK, Haque S (2014) Prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of tuberculosis from GCC: a literature review from January 2002 to March 2013. J Infect Dev Ctries 8:1137–1147. doi: 10.3855/jidc.4053

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 09: September 2014

Section

Original Articles

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