Risk mapping of bovine hypodermosis using geographical information system (GIS) in cattle of subtropical region, Pakistan

Authors

  • Mobushir Riaz Khan University Institute of Information Technology (UIIT), PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Haroon Ahmed COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Rosario Panadero-Fontan Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
  • Ceferino Lopez-Sandez Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
  • Muhammad Aamir Khan PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Saira Asif PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Irfan Mustafa University of Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Isthiaq Ali Qauid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Hamid Raza University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
  • Mazhar Qayyum PMAS - Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5387

Keywords:

Hypodermosis, GIS, prevalence, risk mapping, Subtropical Region

Abstract

Introduction: Hypodermosis is an ectoparasitic disease of cattle caused by Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis. It is an important health problem of cattle, leading to considerable economic losses. There are various factors that are involved in the spread of this disease such as herd size, location, temperature, humidity, and precipitation.

Methodology: Blood samples from 112 herds were collected to determine the presence of Hypoderma spp. infestation. For these herds, size and location were determined; temperature, humidity, and precipitation data were obtained from meteorological stations; and topographic features were obtained from existing maps and through field work. A regression analysis was then used to generate a risk factor analysis profile for hypodermosis and geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the risks.

Results: The GIS map developed showed the degree of infestation in different geographical locations at district and village levels. Cluster analysis demonstrated that hypodermosis prevalence varied within zones and across zones. The regression analysis showed that the temperature in the months of January, February, March, August, and November, and the precipitation in September and October had significant results (p < 0.05) when all the risks factors were analyzed.

Conclusions: It is concluded that different ecological factors have an important impact on the intensity and infestation rate of hypodermosis across the globe. The present study might be used to control and eradicate the hypodermosis across the globe.

Author Biographies

Mobushir Riaz Khan, University Institute of Information Technology (UIIT), PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Meterology, Assosoiate Professor

Haroon Ahmed, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Biosciences, CIIT, Islamabad, Pakistan

Rosario Panadero-Fontan, Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain

Pathologia Animalaia, Professor

Ceferino Lopez-Sandez, Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain

Animalia pathologia, Professor

Saira Asif, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Botany, Lecturer

Irfan Mustafa, University of Sargodha, Pakistan

Biological Sciences, Assistant  Professor

Mazhar Qayyum, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Zoology, Professor

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Published

2015-08-29

How to Cite

1.
Khan MR, Ahmed H, Panadero-Fontan R, Lopez-Sandez C, Khan MA, Asif S, Mustafa I, Ali MI, Raza H, Qayyum M (2015) Risk mapping of bovine hypodermosis using geographical information system (GIS) in cattle of subtropical region, Pakistan. J Infect Dev Ctries 9:872–877. doi: 10.3855/jidc.5387

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Section

Original Articles