Combating antimicrobial resistance using antimicrobial combination therapy and β–lactamase inhibitors

Authors

  • Bassam El-Hafi Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-2948
  • Sari Shawki Rasheed Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  • Noor Salloum Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  • Antoine Abou Fayad Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  • George Farah Araj Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
  • Ghassan Matar Matar Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10099

Keywords:

antimicrobial resistance, combination therapy, beta-lactamase inhibitor

Abstract

Introduction: The range of antimicrobial agents used to treat bacterial infections is becoming limited with the constant increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several genetic factors underlie AMR, including β-lactamase-encoding genes such as blaCTXM-15 that confers resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, and blaKPC-2 that confer resistance to carbapenems. Remaining treatment approaches for such resistant infections include antimicrobial combination therapy and the use of β-lactamase inhibitors. This study assesses the molecular effects of such treatment approaches on antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in vitro and in vivo.

Methodology: Nine clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were included in the study. One harboring blaCTXM-15, one harboring blaOXA-48, one harboring blaKPC-2, two harboring blaNDM-1 and blaCTXM-15, and four harboring blaOXA-48 and blaCTXM-15. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for carbapenems with β-lactamase inhibitors: avibactam, Ca-EDTA, and relebactam. Synergism between antibiotic combinations was determined by double disc diffusion when using colistin with several antibiotics. In vitro and in vivo gene expression levels were done on these combinations with and without inhibitors.

Results: The use of meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem with the selected β-lactamase inhibitors restored isolate susceptibility in 100%, 87.5%, and 25% of the cases, respectively. Antimicrobial synergism was mostly detected between colistin and meropenem, fosfomycin, or tigecycline. Survival studies revealed the survival of most mice receiving antimicrobial combination therapy with inhibitors as compared to the controls. Overall gene expression levels of resistance genes were variable depending on treatment.

Conclusions: The threat of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections remains viable; however, different approaches to therapy are available.

Author Biography

Ghassan Matar Matar, Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Professor Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology

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Published

2018-02-22

How to Cite

1.
El-Hafi B, Rasheed SS, Salloum N, Abou Fayad A, Araj GF, Matar GM (2018) Combating antimicrobial resistance using antimicrobial combination therapy and β–lactamase inhibitors. J Infect Dev Ctries 12:14S. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10099

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 02.1: February 2018 - SUPPLEMENT

Section

The Lebanese LSIDCM

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