Coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular diseases: does COVID-19 positivity trigger cerebrovascular pathologies?

Authors

  • Ozkan Ates Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-4839
  • Ibrahim Yilmaz Unit of Pharmacovigilance, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, City Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-6337
  • Numan Karaarslan Department of Neurosurgery, Halic University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-0637
  • Emel Ersoz Clinics of Neurology, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Doctor Ismail Fehmi Cumalioglu City Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-5859
  • Fatma Bahar Hacioglu Kasim Clinics of Radiology, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Doctor Ismail Fehmi Cumalioglu City Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-2350
  • Mustafa Dogan Department of Infection Diseases, Namik Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-925X
  • Hanefi Ozbek Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir Bakircay University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-7855

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15800

Keywords:

2019-nCov, ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, intracerebral hemorrhage, pharmacological treatment protocols, SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to assess the pharmacological agents used in such cases as reported in the literature. Patient files were retrospectively scanned to determine the prevalence of neurological symptoms of the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, lack of smell and taste, numbness in arms and legs, change in consciousness, muscle weakness, loss of urine and stool control) and cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid/subdural hemorrhage) in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) cases (n = 20,099). The diagnostic laboratory, radiology examinations and treatments applied to these cases were recorded. The data from studies presenting cerebrovascular diseases associated with SARS-Cov-2, which constituted 0.035% of all cases, were systematically evaluated from electronic databases. During the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, it was discovered that high doses of enoxaparin sodium anti-Xa are combined with apixaban or acetylsalicylic acid or clopidogrel or piracetam, and mannitol, in addition to SARS-CoV-2 treatment modalities. While neurological symptoms of the central nervous system are uncommon in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, cerebrovascular diseases are far less common, according to the findings of this study. Acute cerebral ischemia was discovered to be the most common cerebrovascular disease associated with SARS-CoV-2. The mortality rate increases with the association between SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular disease.

Author Biographies

Ozkan Ates, Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey

Prof. M.D.; Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.

Ibrahim Yilmaz, Unit of Pharmacovigilance, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, City Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey

Ph.D.; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34810

Numan Karaarslan, Department of Neurosurgery, Halic University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. M.D.; Department of Neurosurgery, Halic University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34445, Turkey.

Emel Ersoz, Clinics of Neurology, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Doctor Ismail Fehmi Cumalioglu City Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey

M.D.; Clinics of Neurology, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Doctor Ismail Fehmi Cumalioglu City Hospital, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey.

Fatma Bahar Hacioglu Kasim, Clinics of Radiology, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Doctor Ismail Fehmi Cumalioglu City Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey

M.D.; Clinics of Radiology, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Doctor Ismail Fehmi Cumalioglu City Hospital, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey.

Mustafa Dogan, Department of Infection Diseases, Namik Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. M.D.; Department of Infection Diseases, Namik Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey.

Hanefi Ozbek, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir Bakircay University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey

Prof. M.D.; Ph.D.; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir Bakircay University School of Medicine, Izmir, 35665, Turkey.

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Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

1.
Ates O, Yilmaz I, Karaarslan N, Ersoz E, Hacioglu Kasim FB, Dogan M, Ozbek H (2022) Coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular diseases: does COVID-19 positivity trigger cerebrovascular pathologies?. J Infect Dev Ctries 16:981–992. doi: 10.3855/jidc.15800

Issue

Section

Coronavirus Pandemic