Tuberculosis/HIV co-infection in Northeastern Brazil: Prevalence trends, spatial distribution, and associated factors

Authors

  • Livia Fernanda Siqueira Santos Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Paulo Henrique Vilarino Carneiro Center of Social Sciences, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Maria Aparecida Alves de Oliveira Serra Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Leonardo Hunaldo dos Santos Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Hamilton Leandro Pinto de Andrade Center of Social Sciences, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Livia Maia Pascoal Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus Costa Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Floriacy Stabnow Santos Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Giana Gislanne da Silva de Sousa Nursing Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Iolanda Graepp Fontoura Center of Social Sciences, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Jaisane Santos Melo Lobato Center of Social Sciences, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Cláudia Regina de Andrade Arrais Rosa Center of Social Sciences, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Laise Sousa Siqueira Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
  • Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
  • Mellina Yamamura Department of Nursing, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
  • Marcelino Santos Neto Health and Technology Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16570

Keywords:

Tuberculosis, HIV, infections, comorbidity, epidemiology, spatial analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The objective was to analyze the prevalence trend, spatial distribution, and TB-HIV co-infection-associated factors in an endemic scenario for TB in Northeastern Brazil. 

Methods: An ecological and temporal series study was conducted based on secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System between January 2008 and December 2019. The prevalence rates were determined for each year and the average for the period. Prais-Winsten regressions were used for temporal variation analysis, scanning techniques were used to detect spatial clusters, and the Poisson regression model was used to explore the factors associated with the outcome.

Results: A total of 947 TB cases were reported, of which 501 (52.9%) underwent HIV testing, and of these, 73 were positive. The average prevalence was 20.0%, ranging from 1.5% in 2018 to 44.4% in 2009. A decreasing trend was found. Sixty-seven cases (92%) were geocoded, and two statistically significant (p < 0.005) high relative risk (RR) spatial clusters were detected. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between the co-infection and variables such as male gender, living in the urban area, entry due to relapse, and case closure due to loss to follow-up were evidenced, and these variables constituted risk factors.

Conclusions: A decreasing prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection has been found, as well as a heterogeneous spatial distribution with the formation of spatial clusters in urban areas characterized by socio-spatial inequalities associated with clinical-epidemiological factors. Such findings provide subsidies for rethinking health care activities and improving public policies for vulnerable populations.

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Published

2022-09-30

How to Cite

1.
Siqueira Santos LF, Vilarino Carneiro PH, Alves de Oliveira Serra MA, Hunaldo dos Santos L, Pinto de Andrade HL, Maia Pascoal L, Pereira de Jesus Costa AC, Stabnow Santos F, da Silva de Sousa GG, Graepp Fontoura I, Santos Melo Lobato J, de Andrade Arrais Rosa CR, Sousa Siqueira L, Alexandre Arcêncio R, Yamamura M, Santos Neto M (2022) Tuberculosis/HIV co-infection in Northeastern Brazil: Prevalence trends, spatial distribution, and associated factors. J Infect Dev Ctries 16:1490–1499. doi: 10.3855/jidc.16570

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 09: September 2022

Section

Original Articles

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