Clinico-demographic profile of COVID-19 positive patients - first wave versus second wave – an experience in north-east India

Authors

  • Abhijit Kumar Prasad Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-0840
  • Annie Bakorlin Khyriem Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-9116
  • Wihiwot Valarie Lyngdoh Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-2051
  • Clarissa Jane Lyngdoh Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-2409
  • Anil Chandra Phukan Department of Microbiology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-9724
  • Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya Department of Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1990-0247
  • Vijay Nongpiur Department of Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-4588
  • Himesh Barman Department of Paediatric, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-5111
  • Peter Baphira Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-9067
  • Laithangbam Sumitra Devi Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-8895
  • Neeta Gogoi Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India
  • Sanaibemma Sapam Directorate of Health Services, Imphal, India
  • Ksh. Manisana Singh State Level Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-7048
  • Sagnik Bhattacharya Department of Microbiology, Tripura Medical College and Dr. BR Ambedkar teaching Hospital, Agartala, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-7976
  • Sagar Chakraborty Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16607

Keywords:

COVID-19, north-east-India, associated ARDS, wave, associated mucormycosis, clinico-demographic profile

Abstract

Introduction: India witnessed two distinct COVID-19 waves. We evaluated the clinico-demographic profile of patients infected during first wave (FW) and second wave (SW) in a hospital in north-east India.

Methodology: Patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 specific gene by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction across FW and SW were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive. The clinico-demographic data of these positive patients were retrieved from the specimen-referral-form. Vital parameters including respiratory rate, SpO2, data on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) were obtained from hospital records for in-patients. Patients were categorized based on disease severity. The data obtained in both waves were analyzed comparatively.

Results: Out of a total of 119,016 samples tested, 10,164 (8.5%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive (2907 during FW, 7257 during SW). Male predominance was seen across both waves (FW: 68.4%; SW:58.4%), with more children infected during SW. Patients with travel history (24%) and contact with laboratory confirmed cases (61%) were significantly higher during SW relative to FW (10.9% and 42.1% respectively). Healthcare worker infection was higher in SW (5.3%). Symptoms like vomiting [14.8%], diarrhea [10.5%], anosmia [10.4%] and aguesia [9.4%] were more in SW. More patients developed CARDS in SW (6.7%) compared to FW (3.4%) with 85% and 70% patients expiring across FW and SW respectively. No case of CAM is documented in our study.

Conclusions: This was probably the most comprehensive study from north-east India. Industrial oxygen cylinder usage may have been the source of CAM in the rest of the country.

Author Biographies

Abhijit Kumar Prasad, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India

Consultant, Department of Microbiology

Annie Bakorlin Khyriem, Department of Microbiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India

I/c HOD & Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology

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Published

2023-02-28

How to Cite

1.
Kumar Prasad A, Bakorlin Khyriem A, Valarie Lyngdoh W, Jane Lyngdoh C, Chandra Phukan A, Kumar Bhattacharya P, Nongpiur V, Barman H, Baphira P, Sumitra Devi L, Gogoi N, Sapam S, Manisana Singh K, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S (2023) Clinico-demographic profile of COVID-19 positive patients - first wave versus second wave – an experience in north-east India. J Infect Dev Ctries 17:166–177. doi: 10.3855/jidc.16607

Issue

Vol. 17 No. 02: February 2023

Section

Coronavirus Pandemic

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Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. Abhijit, Prof. (Dr.) Annie, Prof. (Dr.) Valarie, Dr. Clarissa, Prof. (Dr.) Anil, Prof. (Dr.) Prasanta, Dr. Vijay, Dr. Himesh, Dr. Peter, Dr. Sumitra, Dr. Neeta, Dr. Sana, Dr. Manisana, Dr. Sagnik, Dr. Sagar

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