Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of human herpesvirus 6B encephalitis following transplantation for severe aplastic anemia

Kaile Zhang; Jianli Xu; Gang Chen; Ruixue Yang; Ming Jiang; Hailong Yuan

doi:10.3855/jidc.18152

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of human herpesvirus 6B encephalitis following transplantation for severe aplastic anemia

Authors

Kaile Zhang Hematology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology, Urumqi 830054, China https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3303-5858
Jianli Xu Hematology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology, Urumqi 830054, China
Gang Chen Hematology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology, Urumqi 830054, China
Ruixue Yang Hematology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology, Urumqi 830054, China
Ming Jiang Hematology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology, Urumqi 830054, China
Hailong Yuan Hematology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology, Urumqi 830054, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.18152

Keywords:

Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), encephalitis, severe aplastic anemia, metagenomic next-generation sequencing

Abstract

Introduction: Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis is common in immunosuppressed patients and presents a diagnostic challenge for physicians. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may facilitate early diagnosis of HHV-6B encephalitis. Herein, we described a case of HHV-6B encephalitis following transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) diagnosed by mNGS.

Case summary: A 31-year-old male underwent myeloablative haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of SAA. On day + 21 after transplantation, the patient developed symptoms such as sudden epilepsy, drowsiness, memory dislocation, and memory loss. HHV-6B encephalitis was confirmed based on cranial MRI and mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid. Following antiviral therapy with sodium foscarnet, the symptoms improved and HHV-6B was negative by mNGS. There were no serious sequelae. Currently, the patient is in good health and is still under follow-up.

Conclusions: A case of HHV-6B encephalitis after SAA transplantation was diagnosed by mNGS of cerebrospinal fluid in time and was effectively treated with sodium foscarnet.

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Published

2024-01-31

How to Cite

Zhang K, Xu J, Chen G, Yang R, Jiang M, Yuan H (2024) Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of human herpesvirus 6B encephalitis following transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. J Infect Dev Ctries 18:152–157. doi: 10.3855/jidc.18152

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Issue

Vol. 18 No. 01: January 2024

Section

Case Reports

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