Epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting bacteria in Brazil

Authors

  • Vanessa Cordeiro Dias Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Claudio Galuppo Diniz Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Ana Claudia de Oliveira Peter Cortes Villela Clinical Laboratory, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Andre Netto Bastos Cortes Villela Clinical Laboratory, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Victor Quinnet de Andrade Bastos Cortes Villela Clinical Laboratory, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Lucas Quinnet de Andrade Bastos Cortes Villela Clinical Laboratory, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  • Vania Lucia da Silva , Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6640

Keywords:

Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, carbapenem-resistant bacteria

Abstract

Introduction: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are widespread in the environment and are increasingly associated with nosocomial infections. Extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in hospitals has contributed to an increased number of infections caused by these microorganisms, that are resistant to a wide variety of antimicrobials, including β-lactams. This study aimed to isolate and identify carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa from hospitalized patients, to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to screen for blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51,blaOXA-58,and blaOXA-143 genes among the isolated bacteria.

Methodology: Antimicrobial resistance patterns were performed using the disk-diffusion method. Genetic markers related to carbapenem resistance were screened by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (n = 44) and P. aeruginosa (n = 28) samples were isolated from patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. Polymyxin B was the only effective drug for all isolates. Considering the oxacillinase gene screening, genetic markers were observed only in Acinetobacter isolates. The most frequent genotype observed was blaOXA-23+/blaOXA-51+ (45.5%), followed by blaOXA-51+/blaOXA-143+ (41%). The oxacillinase genes blaOXA-24 andblaOXA-58 were not detected. High mortality rates (> 70%) were observed.

Conclusions: The data suggest the need for rational use of antimicrobials associated with early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially considering non-fermenting Gram-negative rods, which are widespread in hospitals. The findings of blaoxa-51‑ strains suggest the occurrence and spread of non-A. baumannii species throughout our hospitals. Effective implementation of surveillance programs in hospitals is needed to reduce infectious and resistant intra- and inter-species bacteria.

Author Biographies

Vanessa Cordeiro Dias, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences

Claudio Galuppo Diniz, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences

Vania Lucia da Silva, , Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences

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Published

2016-06-30

How to Cite

1.
Dias VC, Diniz CG, Peter AC de O, Bastos AN, Bastos VQ de A, Bastos LQ de A, da Silva VL (2016) Epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility among carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting bacteria in Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 10:544–553. doi: 10.3855/jidc.6640

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 06: June 2016

Section

Emerging Problems in Infectious Diseases

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