Presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from human pit sludge

Authors

  • Zahid Hayat Mahmud International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Farozaan Fatima Shirazi Department of Biology and Chemistry, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Muhammad Riadul Haque Hossainey International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Mohammad Imtiazul Islam International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Mir Alvee Ahmed International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Tanvir Noor Nafiz International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Khan Mohammad Imran International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Jinath Sultana Department of Biology and Chemistry, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Md Shafiqul Islam International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Mohammad Aminul Islam International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
  • Md Sirajul Islam International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10768

Keywords:

Human sludge, ESBL, E. coli, Biofertilizer, Antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Introduction: In Bangladesh, human sludge from dry pit latrines is commonly applied directly to agricultural lands as manure. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and plasmid contents of E. coli strains isolated from sludge samples.

Methodology: E. coli were isolated from human feces from closed pit latrines and identified by culture method. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by Standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Pathogenic genes and antibiotic resistance genes of ESBL producing isolates were determined by PCR assay.

Results: Of the 34 samples tested, 76.5% contained E. coli. Of 72 E. coli isolates, 76.4% were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested and 47.2% isolates were resistant to three or four classes of antibiotics. Around 18% isolates were extended spectrum β- lactamase producing and of them 6 were positive for blaTEM specific gene, 4 for blaCTX-M gene, 1 for blaOXA gene and 2 for both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Moreover, among 72 isolates, 4.2% carried virulence genes of enterotoxigenic E. coli; two isolates were positive for st and one was positive for both st and lt genes. In addition, 59.7% of the isolates contained plasmids (range 1.4 to 140 MDa) of which 19.5% isolates contained a single plasmid and 40.2% contained multiple plasmids.

Conclusions: The presence of pathogenic, drug resistant E. coli in human sludge necessitates a regular surveillance before using as a biofertilizer.

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Published

2019-03-31

How to Cite

1.
Mahmud ZH, Shirazi FF, Hossainey MRH, Islam MI, Ahmed MA, Nafiz TN, Imran KM, Sultana J, Islam MS, Islam MA, Islam MS (2019) Presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from human pit sludge. J Infect Dev Ctries 13:195–203. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10768

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Section

Original Articles