Serotyping, drug resistance, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes of Salmonella isolated from contaminated food

Authors

  • El Hanafi Motassim Veterinary Service of Rabat, National Food Safety Office, Rabat, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-9740
  • Safae Skenndri Avian Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1244-586X
  • Mohamed Mouahid Veterinarian, Doctor in Biology, Former Attaché at the Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-2630
  • Brahim Bouchrif Pasteur Institute, Casablanca, Morocco
  • Said Dahani Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
  • Nourreddine Bouchriti Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
  • Sami Derkaoui Veterinary Inputs and Pharmacy Division, ONSSA, Rabat, Morocco
  • Hakim Karib Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco
  • Imane Abdellaoui Maane Kit and Diagnostic Devices Research Center, MASCIR, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Ben Guerir Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-0785
  • Saadia Nassik Avian Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-9280

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21392

Keywords:

antibiotic resistance, virulence, foodborne pathogens, CMY-2

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a serious problem for veterinary and human health. Its progression is leading to therapeutic failures and risks taking humanity back to the era before the discovery of antimicrobials. The impact of AMR on the economy is considerable. This study was carried out to assess the extent of AMR in Salmonella isolated from food products.

Methodology: The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standard method and the recommendations of the Antibiotic Susceptibility Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM) version 2023 V.1.0. 19 were used to test antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 41 antimicrobials were tested on the isolates. Virulence genes fimA and stn, and the antibiotic resistance gene CMY-2 were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on bacterial DNA extracted using the MacheryNagel RNA viral nucleospin extraction kit. The integrated search engine on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website was used to search for the primer sequence of interest for the predefined genes.

Results: All the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 90% of isolates were multiresistant (resistant to at least 3 antimicrobial agents). All strains tested positive for the presence of the stn and fimA virulence genes, with the exception of one isolate. Similarly, with the exception of one strain, all strains tested positive for CMY-2.

Conclusions: These results point to the progression of AMR, which is increasingly gaining ground, and to the danger of Salmonella virulence as a major agent of food-borne illness in Morocco.

Author Biographies

Safae Skenndri, Avian Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Avian Pathology Unit

Mohamed Mouahid, Veterinarian, Doctor in Biology, Former Attaché at the Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Former attaché at the Hassan II agronomic and veterinary institute, Rabat, Morocco

Brahim Bouchrif, Pasteur Institute, Casablanca, Morocco

Pasteur Institute, Casablanca, Morocco

Said Dahani, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Nourreddine Bouchriti, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Sami Derkaoui, Veterinary Inputs and Pharmacy Division, ONSSA, Rabat, Morocco

Veterinary Inputs and Pharmacy Division-ONSSA-Rabat Morocco

Hakim Karib, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Imane Abdellaoui Maane, Kit and Diagnostic Devices Research Center, MASCIR, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Ben Guerir Morocco

Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Ben Guerir Morocco

Saadia Nassik, Avian Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, Rabat, Morocco

Avian Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health and Food, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute,   Rabat, Morocco

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Published

2026-03-31

How to Cite

1.
Motassim EH, Skenndri S, Mouahid M, Bouchrif B, Dahani S, Bouchriti N, Derkaoui S, Karib H, Abdellaoui Maane I, Nassik S (2026) Serotyping, drug resistance, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes of Salmonella isolated from contaminated food. J Infect Dev Ctries 20:374–380. doi: 10.3855/jidc.21392

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 03: March 2026

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 El Hanafi Motassim, Safae Skenndri, Pr. Mouahid, Pr. Bouchrif, Pr. Dahani, Pr. Bouchriti, Dr. Sami, Pr. Karib, Pr. AAbdellaoui Maane, Pr. Nassik

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