Vaccine hesitancy and refusal among parents: An international ID-IRI survey

Authors

  • Yakup Cag Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Mohammad Emad al Madadha Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Handan Ankarali Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Yasemin Cag Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Kubra Demir Onder Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
  • Aysegul Seremet-Keskin Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
  • Filiz Kizilates Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
  • Rok Čivljak Department for Respiratory Tract Infections, Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
  • Ghaydaa Shehata Department of Neurology, Assiut University Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
  • Handan Alay Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
  • Sevil Alkan-Ceviker Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale, Turkey
  • Fatma Yilmaz-Karadag Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr Ilhank Varank Training and Research Hospital. İstanbul, Turkey
  • Meliha Cagla-Sonmezer Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
  • Manar Ezzelarab Ramadan Department of Parasitology, Suez University Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
  • Dumitru Irina Magdelena Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Constanta, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
  • Ljiljana Betica Radic Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
  • Jurica Arapovic Department of Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Fatma Kesmez-Can Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
  • Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed Department of Medical Parasitology, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
  • Oladapo Babatunde Campbell Department of Infectious Diseases, Grace Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
  • Gulden Eser-Karlidag Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
  • Reham Khedr Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute - Cairo University / Children Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
  • Mehmet Emirhan Isik Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Michael Mihailov Petrov Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Plovdiv Faculty of Pharmacy, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Roxana Cernat Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Constanta, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
  • Umran Erturk Department of Infectious Diseases, Bahrain Oncology Center, Bahrain
  • Yesim Uygun-Kizmaz Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Eva Huljev Department for Respiratory Tract Infections, Dr. Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
  • Fatma Amer Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  • Mehmet Resat Ceylan Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, MD. University of Harran Faculty of Medicine, Şanliurfa, Turkey
  • Andrea Marino Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Unit of Infectious diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  • Gulnur Kul Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikhan state Hospital, Hatay, Turkey
  • Tuba Damar-Cakirca Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Şanliurfa training and research hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
  • Yara Mohsen Khalaf Department of epidemiology High institute of public health,Alexandria University Infectious Disease Clinical pharmacist, Antimicrobial stewardship department, International Medical Center Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt
  • Arzu Cennet Isik Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
  • Ismail Necati Hakyemez Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Balikesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey
  • Rezaul Karim Ripon Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
  • Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh Department of Community Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  • Emine Kubra Dindar-Demiray Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bitlis State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey
  • Osasona Oluwadamilola Gideon Department of Medical Services, Hospitals Management Board, Ekiti State, Nigeria
  • Maya Belitova Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Queen Giovanna”-ISUL, EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • Mustafa Altindis Department of Microbiology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
  • Rehab El-Sokkary Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  • Recep Tekin Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
  • Mohammed Ahmed Garout Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Medicine, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  • Joanna Zajkowska Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
  • Farhan Fazal Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, India
  • Muhammed Bekcibasi Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bismil State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
  • Mirsada Hukic Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Diagnostic and Research NALAZ, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Summiya Nizamuddin Section of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Serkan Surme Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Ricardo Fernandez Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Juan City Hospital, San Juan, Puerto Rico
  • Amani El-Kholy Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
  • Nasim Akhtar Department of Infectious Diseases, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Saadia Ijaz Department of Pathology, Shalamar institute of health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Andrea Cortegiani Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • Meliha Meric-Koc Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Hakan Hasman Department of Emergency, Ankara Medicalpark Private Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
  • Agah Victor Maduka Department of microbiology, Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
  • Jehan Ali ElKholy Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
  • Sema Sari Department of Intensive Care, Nigde Training and Research Hospital, Nigde, Turkey
  • Mumtaz Ali Khan Department of Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, National institute of health Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Yasemin Akin Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  • Sukran Kose Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
  • Hakan Erdem ID-IRI Lead Coordinator, Ankara, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.16085

Keywords:

Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal, parents

Abstract

Introduction: Although vaccines are the safest and most effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases, the increasing rate of vaccine hesitancy and refusal (VHR) has become a worldwide concern. We aimed to find opinions of parents on vaccinating their children and contribute to available literature in order to support the fight against vaccine refusal by investigating the reasons for VHR on a global scale.

Methodology: In this international cross-sectional multicenter study conducted by the Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI), a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used to determine parents’ attitudes towards vaccination of their children.

Results: Four thousand and twenty-nine (4,029) parents were included in the study and 2,863 (78.1%) were females. The overall VHR rate of the parents was found to be 13.7%. Nineteen-point three percent (19.3%) of the parents did not fully comply with the vaccination programs. The VHR rate was higher in high-income (HI) countries. Our study has shown that parents with disabled children and immunocompromised children, with low education levels, and those who use social media networks as sources of information for childhood immunizations had higher VHR rates (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions: Seemingly all factors leading to VHR are related to training of the community and the sources of training. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies at a global level and provide reliable knowledge to combat VHR.

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Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

1.
Cag Y, al Madadha ME, Ankarali H, Cag Y, Demir Onder K, Seremet-Keskin A, Kizilates F, Čivljak R, Shehata G, Alay H, Alkan-Ceviker S, Yilmaz-Karadag F, Cagla-Sonmezer M, Ezzelarab Ramadan M, Magdelena DI, Radic LB, Arapovic J, Kesmez-Can F, El-Sayed NM, Campbell OB, Eser-Karlidag G, Khedr R, Isik ME, Petrov MM, Cernat R, Erturk U, Uygun-Kizmaz Y, Huljev E, Amer F, Ceylan MR, Marino A, Kul G, Damar-Cakirca T, Khalaf YM, Isik AC, Ariyo OE, Hakyemez IN, Ripon RK, Afkhamzadeh A, Dindar-Demiray EK, Gideon OO, Belitova M, Altindis M, El-Sokkary R, Tekin R, Garout MA, Zajkowska J, Fazal F, Bekcibasi M, Hukic M, Nizamuddin S, Surme S, Fernandez R, El-Kholy A, Akhtar N, Ijaz S, Cortegiani A, Meric-Koc M, Hasman H, Maduka AV, ElKholy JA, Sari S, Khan MA, Akin Y, Kose S, Erdem H (2022) Vaccine hesitancy and refusal among parents: An international ID-IRI survey. J Infect Dev Ctries 16:1081–1088. doi: 10.3855/jidc.16085

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 06: June 2022

Section

Original Articles

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