The evaluation of the relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmune responses with a cross-sectional trial using medical records

Abstract

Introduction: Several previous studies have suggested a link between autoimmune activation and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to evaluate the excessive immune response via laboratory and radiological findings, treatment options, and previous acute phase reactants in patients with mild and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to identify the possible interaction between autoimmune response and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methodology: A total of 345 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of definitive COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively in terms of their clinical, laboratory, and radiological data, comorbidities, treatment options, and the values of C-reactive protein (CRP) of all patients in the last year before COVID-19 during admission to the hospital for any reason.

Results: 162 (47%) of the patients were female and 183 (53%) were male. The mean age was 51.08 ± 15.52 years. Of all patients, 235 (68.1%) had mild disease and 110 (31.9%) had a moderate disease. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, the values of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin, the levels of AST, LDH, Na, Cl, Ca, CRP, ferritin and fibrinogen, duration of hospitalization, medical treatments as well as the CRP value of the patients in the last year. Male gender, shortness of breath, duration of hospitalization, the value of lymphocytes, and the levels of LDH, CRP, and fibrinogen were independent predictive factors for the severity of COVID-19.

Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 infection could act as a triggering factor for developing autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory dysregulation in genetically predisposed individuals.