Occurrence of poliovirus and non-polio enterovirus among children with acute flaccid paralysis in Cameroon from 2015 to 2020

Daniel K Njile; Serge A Sadeuh-Mba; Michel Tabonfack Atemkeng; Anicet Ahanda; Jean Blaise Momo; Raissa Pekekue Nforifum; Ernestine Etéré; Marie Claire Endegue-Zanga; Onana Boyomo; Marlise D Djoumetio; Jude Anfumbom Kfutwah; Ousmane M Diop; Richard Njouom

doi:10.3855/jidc.18279

Occurrence of poliovirus and non-polio enterovirus among children with acute flaccid paralysis in Cameroon from 2015 to 2020

Authors

Daniel K Njile Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Serge A Sadeuh-Mba Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Michel Tabonfack Atemkeng Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Anicet Ahanda Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Jean Blaise Momo Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Raissa Pekekue Nforifum Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Ernestine Etéré Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Marie Claire Endegue-Zanga Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Onana Boyomo Department of Microbiology University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Marlise D Djoumetio World Health Organization, Country Office, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Jude Anfumbom Kfutwah World Health Organization, Regional Office BP: 820 — Libreville Gabon
Ousmane M Diop The Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva 27, Switzerland
Richard Njouom Virology Service, National Reference and Public Health Laboratory, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-6370

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.18279

Keywords:

Poliovirus, enteroviruses, acute flaccid paralysis, Cameroon

Abstract

Introduction: Poliovirus (PV) and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) belong to the Picornaviridae family. They are found worldwide and are responsible for a wide range of diseases such as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). This study aimed to evaluate the detection rate of PV and NPEV in stool samples from children under fifteen years of age presenting with AFP in Cameroon and their distribution over time.

Methodology: Stool samples were collected as part of poliovirus surveillance throughout Cameroon from 2015 to 2020. Virus isolation was performed using RD and L20B cells maintained in culture. Molecular methods such as intratypic differentiation were used to identify PVs serotypes and analysis of the VP1 genome was performed.

Results: A total of 12,354 stool samples were analyzed. The EV detection rate by virus isolation was 11.42% (1411/12354). This rate varied from year to year with a mean distribution of 11.41 with a 95% confidence interval [11.37; 11.44]. Of the viruses detected, suspected poliovirus accounted for 31.3% (442/1411) and NPEV 68.67% (969/1411). No wild poliovirus (WPV) was isolated. Sabin types 1 and 3 were continuously isolated. Surprisingly, from February 2020, vaccine-derived PV type 2 (VDPV2) was detected in 19% of cases, indicating its resurgence.

Conclusions: This study strongly supports the successful elimination of WPV in Cameroon and the resurgence of VDPV2. However, as long as VDPV outbreaks continue to be detected in Africa, it remains essential to monitor how they spread.

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Published

2024-02-29

How to Cite

Njile DK, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Tabonfack Atemkeng M, Ahanda A, Momo JB, Pekekue Nforifum R, Etéré E, Endegue-Zanga MC, Boyomo O, Djoumetio MD, Anfumbom Kfutwah J, Diop OM, Njouom R (2024) Occurrence of poliovirus and non-polio enterovirus among children with acute flaccid paralysis in Cameroon from 2015 to 2020. J Infect Dev Ctries 18:291–298. doi: 10.3855/jidc.18279

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Issue

Vol. 18 No. 02: February 2024

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Original Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Kamga NJILE, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Michel Tabonfack Atemkeng, Anicet Ahanda, jean Blaise Momo, Raissa Pekekue Nforifum, Ernestine Etéré, Marie Claire Endegue-Zanga, Onana Boyomo, Marlise Dontsop Djoumetio, Jude Anfumbom Kfutwah, Ousmane Madiagne Diop, Richard Njouom

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