Impact of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections on mortality in oncology patients

Authors

  • Israel Gallardo-Pineda Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5137-337X
  • Patricia Volkow-Fernández Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-0923
  • Consuelo Velázquez-Acosta Laboratory of Microbiology (INCan), Cancerología (INCan), Mexico
  • Antonio Camiro-Zúñiga Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-9509
  • Ariadna Barajas-Silva Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
  • María-José Mendoza-Ramírez Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
  • Alberto Magallanes-López Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
  • Patricia Cornejo-Juárez Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-8372

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.22272

Keywords:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bloodstream infection, cancer, mortality

Abstract

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) is among the most frequent causes of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in cancer patients. Resistant strains are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary oncology hospital in Mexico City, including all episodes of PAE-BSI. The isolates were classified as susceptible, carbapenem-resistant (CR), multidrug-resistant (MDR), or difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR).

Results: A total of 259 PAE-BSI episodes were analyzed: 202 (78.4%) susceptible, 19 (7.3%) CR, 13 (5.0%) MDR, and 25 (9.7%) DTR. Resistant strains were significantly associated with prior antibiotic use (84.2% vs. 52.5%), more extended hospital stays (18 vs. 9 days), septic shock (36.8% vs. 19.8%), and inappropriate empiric therapy (54.4% vs. 19.3%). Overall, 30-day mortality was 38.2%, rising to 47.4% in CR, 84.6% in MDR, and 76% in DTR cases; compared with 29.7% in susceptible isolates (p < 0.001). No mortality benefit was observed with combination therapy compared to monotherapy. Multivariate analysis indicated that age ≥ 60 years, advanced oncological status, secondary bacteremia, septic shock, invasive mechanical ventilation, inadequate source control, and carbapenem strains were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy was a protective factor.

Conclusions: Resistant PAE-BSI in cancer patients was associated with longer hospitalizations and a significantly increased mortality rate. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy can lead to a reduction in mortality.

Author Biographies

Israel Gallardo-Pineda, Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico

Fellow in training. Infectious Diseases Department.

Patricia Volkow-Fernández, Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico

Infectious Diseases Physician. 

Consuelo Velázquez-Acosta, Laboratory of Microbiology (INCan), Cancerología (INCan), Mexico

Chief of the Microbiology Laboratory. 

Antonio Camiro-Zúñiga, Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico

Infectious Diseases Physician.

Ariadna Barajas-Silva, Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico

Infectious Diseases Department. Medical student. 

María-José Mendoza-Ramírez, Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico

Infectious Diseases Department. Medical student. 

Alberto Magallanes-López, Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico

Infectious Diseases Department Physician.

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Published

2026-04-30

How to Cite

1.
Gallardo-Pineda I, Volkow-Fernández P, Velázquez-Acosta C, Camiro-Zúñiga A, Barajas-Silva A, Mendoza-Ramírez M-J, Magallanes-López A, Cornejo-Juárez P (2026) Impact of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections on mortality in oncology patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 20:566–573. doi: 10.3855/jidc.22272

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Section

Original Articles